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・ Société des alcools du Québec
・ Société des Amis des Universités de Paris
・ Société des anciens textes français
・ Société des Antiquaires de France
・ Société des artistes décorateurs
・ Société des Artistes Français
・ Société des Artistes Indépendants
・ Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques
・ Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique
・ Société des Automobiles Pilain (SAP)
・ Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie
・ Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France
・ Société des Avions Bernard
・ Société des Avions Blanchard
・ Société des Avions Marcel Bloch
Société des bains de mer de Monaco
・ Société des casinos du Québec
・ Société des chemins de fer du Québec
・ Société des designers graphiques du Québec
・ Société des Eaux de Marseille
・ Société des Fils de la Liberté
・ Société des forges de Châtillon-Commentry-Neuves-Maisons
・ Société des gens de lettres
・ Société des ingénieurs de l'automobile
・ Société des Missions-Étrangères
・ Société des Missions-Étrangères du Québec
・ Société des observateurs de l'homme
・ Société des Océanistes
・ Société des Peintres Orientalistes Français
・ Société des poètes français


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Société des bains de mer de Monaco : ウィキペディア英語版
Société des bains de mer de Monaco

The Société des Bains de Mer (), officially the Société des Bains de Mer et du Cercle des Étrangers à Monaco (), abbreviated SBM; is a publicly traded company registered in the Principality of Monaco. SBM manages and owns the Monte Carlo Casino, the Opéra de Monte-Carlo, and the Hotel de Paris in Monte Carlo.
==History==
;Zaharoff
After the First World War Sir Basil Zaharoff had been an old patron of the Côte d'Azur. The Casino in Monte Carlo was in trouble, its old owner, Camille Blanc, had lost touch with the changed world, particularly the changed world of money. The Prince of Monaco, Louis II, in whose domain the great Casino nestled, wanted to get rid of Blanc, to bring in a ″business management″ of the institution that supplied him with his revenue and his small principality with its support. He approached Zaharoff, the aging international financier and arms dealer magnate was interested. It was not altogether an unbecoming spot to end his career — this singular little nation of twenty thousand souls, living on a rock in the Mediterranean, a Prince ruling the tiny entity with his little army of a hundred and twenty men, a single business enterprise, the Casino, paying all the bills, supporting most of the population. There they ruled, two old nabobs — one the civil despot, the other the economic despot, owning the economic fountain out of which all the taxes and wages of the place came; the Prince of Monaco and Zaharoff, twin rulers in a state that lived by gambling. Zaharoff got hold of the shares and, with the aid of the Prince, shouldered Blanc out of the place and became its master. The Casino was a natural moneymaker. It called not for any special magic but merely for money and a thorough business administration. This Zaharoff supplied. He did not manage it himself. He put in his own men. Zaharoff's administration brought huge dividends.〔John Flynn: Men of Wealth - the Story of Twelve Significant Fortunes from the Renaissance to the Present Day, 337–372〕
;Onassis
In 1953 the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis bought up the shares of SBM via the use of front companies in the tax haven of Panama and took control of the organisation, moving his headquarters into the Old Sporting Club on Monaco's Avenue d'Ostende shortly after. Onassis's takeover of the SBM was initially welcomed by Monaco's ruler, Prince Rainier III as the country required investment, but Onassis and Rainier's relationship had deteriorated by 1962 in the wake of the boycott of Monaco by the French President, Charles de Gaulle.
Onassis and Rainier had differing visions for Monaco. Onassis wished the country to remain a resort for an exclusive clientele, but Rainier wished to build hotels and attract greater number of tourists.〔"Obituary: Prince Rainier III of Monaco.", ''The Times'', London, 7 April 2005, pg. 58.〕 Monaco had become less attractive as a tax haven in the wake of France's actions, and Rainier urged Onassis to invest in the construction of hotels.〔Nuzum, Thomas. "Monte Carlo Has a Good Feud, but Glamor Is Gone", ''The Chicago Tribune'', Chicago, December 5, 1965, Section 1B, pg. 1|link=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1965/12/05/page/33/article/monte-carlo-has-a-good-feud-but-glamor-is-gone〕 Onassis was reluctant to invest in hotels without a guarantee from Rainier that no other competing hotel development would be permitted, but promised to build two hotels and an apartment block. Unwilling to give Onassis his guarantee, Rainier used his veto to cancel the entire hotel project, and publicly attacked SBM for their 'bad faith' on television, implicitly criticising Onassis. Rainier and Onassis remained at odds over the direction of the company for several years and in June 1966 Rainier approved a plan to create 600,000 new shares in SBM to be permanently held by the state,〔"Mr. Onassis In Monaco Law Battle.", ''The Times'', London, 22 August 1966, pg. 6.〕 which reducing Onassis's stake from 52% to under a third. In the Supreme Court of Monaco the share creation was challenged by Onassis who claimed that it was unconstitutional, but the court found against him in March 1967. Following the ruling Onassis sold his holdings in SBM to the state of Monaco for $9.5 million ($}} as of ), and left the country.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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